Classification of Steels
Classification of Steels:
1. Classification based on Chemical Composition:
- Carbon Steels: These steels primarily consist of iron and carbon, with a small percentage of other elements. They are categorized based on the carbon content:
- Low Carbon Steels: Contain a low percentage of carbon and are easily formed and machined.
- Medium Carbon Steels: Have a moderate amount of carbon and are stronger than low carbon steels. They are often used for structural components.
- High Carbon Steels: Contain a higher amount of carbon, providing increased hardness and strength. They’re used in applications requiring durability like cutting tools and springs.
- Alloy Steels: These steels contain additional elements such as chromium, nickel, manganese, or molybdenum, apart from carbon, to enhance specific properties. They are further classified into:
- Low Alloy Steels: Contain small amounts of alloying elements, offering improved strength and toughness.
- High Alloy Steels: Comprise significant amounts of alloying elements, providing exceptional resistance to corrosion, heat, or wear.
2. Classification based on Mechanical Properties:
- Stainless Steels: These steels contain chromium and often nickel, offering excellent corrosion resistance and are commonly used in various industries, including construction, automotive, and medical.
3. Classification based on Application:
- Tool Steels: Specifically designed for tool manufacturing due to their hardness, toughness, and heat resistance.
- Structural Steels: Used in construction for their strength and load-bearing capabilities.
- Maraging Steels: Known for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and are often used in aerospace applications.
Each classification serves specific purposes, offering a diverse range of properties that suit various industrial and commercial applications.